www.planetark.org

USA: February 3, 2003

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Video cameras aboard the space shuttle Columbia captured an image over Brazil that scientists said last week proved a scientific theory about how a major fire on Earth can alter global climate.

The picture shows a large plume of smoke rising from a fire in the rain forest on a cloudy day in the Amazon Basin. Israeli scientist Joachim Joseph said the picture demonstrated the scientific theory that smoke dissipates cloud cover in its vicinity, allowing more sunlight to enter.

"We just made one pass over the jungle and low and behold we get textbook confirmation of a hypothesis," Joseph said.

The image is one of hundreds captured by Israeli cameras during the shuttle's 16-day science mission scheduled to end on Saturday.

More than 80 experiments are nearing completion by a seven-member crew including Israel's first astronaut, Col. Ilan Ramon.

Joseph said the rain forest fire image will help a study by Brazil and NASA into the effect of major ground fires on the atmosphere.

"If this kind of thing happens, biomass burning all over the world - and it is happening all the time all over lower latitudes - if the clouds do that then this is a factor that has to be taken into account when you try to model climate and greenhouse effect on climate more accurately," Joseph said.

Joseph and other scientists with experiments on board the shuttle have declared the mission a success.

For example, an experiment seeking to reduce car emissions set world records for the creation of floating flame balls. A prostate cancer experiment produced such an unexpectedly large tumor that scientists will have to take apart its growth chamber to get the tumor out without breaking it. And the Israeli cameras also captured the first calibrated images from space of electrical atmospheric phenomena known as elves.

The shuttle is set to land on Saturday at 9:15 a.m.

Story by Barbara Johnson

www.planetark.org

USA: February 3, 2003

WASHINGTON - The U.S. government last week urged drug companies to begin marketing pills containing Prussian blue, an artist's pigment used for centuries that can also protect people exposed to a radioactive "dirty bomb."

The Food and Drug Administration called on pharmaceutical companies to apply for licenses to market 500-milligram pills of Prussian blue, or ferric hexacyanoferrate(II), saying it "has been shown to be safe and effective in treating people exposed to radioactive elements such as cesium-137."

Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson said the action was part of an effort to boost production of drugs that could be used in the event of another terrorist attack, especially one involving radioactive materials.

The FDA said Prussian blue, which binds with radioactive particles and expels them from the body, would be the first therapy available to decrease radiation exposure. The main side effects were constipation and stomach upset.

It said the drug could be used to treat patients with known or suspected internal contamination with radioactive thallium, non-radioactive thallium, or radioactive cesium.

FDA said cesium-137, found in the fallout from the detonation of nuclear weapons and in the waste from nuclear power plants, was of particular concern because it could potentially be use to build a dirty bomb. Exposure to cesium can cause serious illness and possibly cancer.

TREATMENT IN BRAZIL

An agency spokeswoman said Prussian blue is produced in the United States, but not under pharmaceutical standards. She said it has been used experimentally since the 1960s as an orally ingested drug to increase fecal excretion of cesium and thallium without it being absorbed through the intestines.

There are no other FDA-approved treatments for contamination with thallium or radioactive cesium, FDA said.

Prussian blue was used to treat 250 people in Brazil in 1987 after they were contaminated with cesium-137 abandoned after use in a cancer clinic, helping expel the radioactive materials more quickly.

U.S. authorities are holding Jose Padilla, a U.S. citizen who was captured in May and is accused of plotting with al Qaeda to detonate such a device.

A so-called "dirty bomb" involves exploding a conventional bomb wrapped in radioactive material that can kill victims in the immediate area and spread highly toxic material to humans, causing mass death and injury.

Prussian blue was first synthesized in 1704 and has been used as an industrial and artist's pigment since 1724.

Story by Andrea Shalal-Esa

www.brazzil.com Brazzil Music February 2003

Some of the best sound Brazil produced in 2002. Topping the list: Zé Renato and Wagner Tiso's beautiful Memorial, Milton Nascimento's heartfelt Pietá and Jacques/Paula Morelenbaum & Ryuichi Sakamoto's Jobiniano Casa, recorded at Tom Jobim's home.

Egídio Leitão

It appears that the recording industry in Brazil changed gears in 2002. Besides the obvious new releases, and as a replacement to the deluge of live recordings in previous years, recording labels opted for reissuing a number of great titles, some of which appearing on CD for the first time last year. From the albums I was able to get a hold of and listen to, here are my favorites of 2002. The problem with these types of lists is that a lot of good titles do not make the final count. So, keep in mind this is not meant to be comprehensive.

Choro

· Água de Moringa: As Inéditas de Pixinguinha · Época de Ouro: Café Brasil 2 · Nó em Pingo D'Água: Domingo na Geral · Paulo Moura: K-Ximblues

Choro is as Brazilian as the popular samba. In recent years, choro groups have released solid albums revisiting traditional works and introducing new compositions. Água de Moringa and Nó em Pingo D'Água are two examples. Água de Moringa's As Inéditas de Pixinguinha recovered some unknown gems by the grand master of choro, Pixinguinha. With special guests including Martinho da Vila, among others, this album is a good addition to your Pixinguinha collection. As for contemporary choro, Nó em Pingo D'Água invited pianist Cristóvão Bastos to add to their spicy Domingo na Geral. The album features new compositions written mostly by the group members as well as Bastos. The album is high energy choro. Bastos's piano accompaniment is an excellent addition to Nó's unique sound, and Paulinho da Viola guest stars in one track.

Giving continuation to last year's successful Café Brasil, Época de Ouro closed the year with their Café Brasil 2. The formula used in the previous release is present again with the same good results. Some guests included here are Elba Ramalho, Sivuca, Ney Matogrosso and others. The opening track features a lively duet between the old and new choro generations, Época de Ouro and Nó em Pingo D'Água, respectively.

Somewhere among these great releases, a disappointing album must be mentioned: Paulo Moura's K-Ximblues. The idea of making an entire album with K-Ximbinho's music was great. Paulo Moura is also a superb performer, but K-Ximblues did not live up to my expectations. K-Ximbinho was a choro composer who best showed the gray line that separates jazz from choro. In K-Ximblues, however, I couldn't help but hear more jazz than choro. Even guest star Mauricio Einhorn did not help make this release a great album this past year. Performances are good, but the music is far from choro.

Instrumental

· Azymuth: Partido Novo · Cesar Camargo Mariano: Nova Saudade · Cesar Camargo Mariano & Romero Lubambo: Duo · Daniela Spielmann: Brazilian Breath · João Donato: Managarroba · Kenny Barron & Trio da Paz: Canta Brasil · Romero Lubambo: Brazilian Routes

Among other instrumental releases, 2002 brought more memorable albums. Azymuth's jazz fusion sound re-appeared in Partido Novo. Pianist Kenny Barron delved deeper into a Brazilian repertoire with Canta Brasil. To make a good thing even better, Barron was accompanied by Trio da Paz.

After 2001's multiple releases, João Donato marked his presence last year with the brand new Managarroba. This CD was hot and proved that Donato continues to bless us with his magic touch.

Though originally released in Japan in 2001, these next albums were released in Brazil last year: Cesar Camargo Mariano's Nova Saudade, Romero Lubambo's Brazilian Routes and Daniela Spielmann's Brazilian Breath. Each album was distinctively Brazilian and featured great music along with special guests ranging from Paquito D'Rivera to songstress Marianna Leporace.

Cesar continues to innovate with each new arrangement he writes. His creativity is remarkable. This is even more noticeable when one listens to Cesar Camargo Mariano & Romero Lubambo's Duo, their latest project. Duo shows the incomparable union between piano and guitar through the hands of these talented musicians.

Acoustic Guitar

· Paulinho Nogueira: Chico Buarque - Primeiras Composições · Raphael Rabello & Convidados: Mestre Capiba · Raphael Rabello & Nelson Gonçalves: A Voz e o Violão

For guitar lovers, Paulinho Nogueira revisited Chico Buarque's first compositions in Chico Buarque - Primeiras Composições. A master of masters, Nogueira needs no introduction.

However, for my own personal taste, as far as acoustic guitarists are concerned, no one compares to Raphael Rabello. This past year listeners were lucky to have two Rabello's CDs out in stores. The first release, A Voz e o Violão, was a live recording with vocalist Nelson Gonçalves, a Brazilian legend. Gonçalves's rich vocals form a haunting pair along with Rabello's guitar artistry. It was, however, with the other release, Mestre Capiba, that Rabello soared.

The repertoire of Mestre Capiba paid homage to the giant of frevo. What was more amazing is that the album focused on Capiba's serestas, instead of frevo. Each track had a guest vocalist, and the guest list included Paulinho da Viola, Chico Buarque, Maria Bethânia and several others. The only noticeable repertoire omission was the song "Maria Bethânia." 

Multisets and Boxes

· Elis Regina: Transversal do Tempo (21 CDs) · Gilberto Gil: Palco (28 CDs) · História do Nosso Samba (10 CDs) · Nara Leão: Nara (15 CDs) · Paulinho da Viola · Songbook Braguinha (3 CDs)

As far as multi-sets go, Lumiar Discos started out 2002 with a 3-CD set of one of the most respected songwriters in Brazilian music. Well known for Carnaval music, Braguinha also wrote some other classic serestas now forever a part of the Brazilian music songbook. As with any other Lumiar songbook collection, this set is full of big names in Brazilian music. Another multi-set title was the 10-CD collection História do Nosso Samba. The set is sold separately and is a musical history lesson.

My only gripe about this collection is the lack of better liner notes and good track presentation. It would have been nice to have the CDs follow a chronological order, from volume 1 to 10. Instead, the label chose to present each album in a somewhat chronological order, but not quite rigid. In other words, each CD covers all periods of samba.

Last year also brought us many great box sets. Of notable mention, we had Gilberto Gil's Palco (28 CDs), the reissue of Elis Regina's Transversal do Tempo (21 CDs)—too bad that the booklet from the first edition was omitted this time—and Nara Leão's long-waited Nara (15 CDs). Incidentally, a second set of Nara's CDs, entitled Leão, was to have been released in late November, but it has not come out yet. Also along with those box sets, the Paulinho da Viola collection re-appeared on the market and vanished just as quickly. The CDs were sold separately.

Outside of Brazil

· Bebel Gilberto: De Tarde, Vendo o Mar · Josee Koning: Dois Mundos · Lisa Ono: Questa Bossa Mia...

In the international market, Brazilian music was again well represented, with the exception of Bebel Gilberto's weak release De Tarde, Vendo o Mar. The album clearly showed a singer unsure of what she was supposed to do with her voice and with a long road ahead of her (the original recording dates back to 1991). Sometimes the vocals were almost incomprehensible to my ears (and I'm a native Brazilian!) and were overpowered by the instrumentation. 

I was glad, though, that Brazilians had the chance to hear the magnificent Josee Koning's Dois Mundos. Originally released in the Netherlands in 1998, the CD was finally released in Brazil last year. Koning has definitely been noticed in Brazil as you can see by the list of special guests in that album: Ivan Lins and Dori Caymmi.

Lisa Ono also released two albums in Japan last year. The first was a compilation of her hits from 1997 to 2001. The other album, Questa Bossa Mia..., was Ono's gift to Italy. The album features well-known Italian songs arranged by the incomparable Brazilian maestro Mario Adnet (who also plays acoustic guitar in several tracks). Though the repertoire is almost entirely of Italian songs, the sound is so Brazilian that I couldn't resist including this album here.

Regional

· Cordel do Fogo Encantado: O Palhaço do Circo sem Futuro · Elba Ramalho: Elba Canta Luiz · Eugênio Leandro: Castelo Encantado · Siba: Fuloresta do Samba

Elba Ramalho stuck to her roots and did her tribute to Luiz Gonzaga in Elba Canta Luiz. Let's not forget that just in 2001, Gilberto Gil had already done several Gonzagão hits in As Canções de `Eu, Tu, Eles'. Though the genre fits Elba's voice so well, this album was far from being original. Nevertheless, the result was good and very lively. Elba is tantalizing singing forró.

A hard one to find, Eugênio Leandro's fourth album, Castelo Encantado, is worth any trouble you have to go through in order to purchase it. His blend of regional and folk music is spellbinding. He wrote music to verses by Oswald Barroso, Petrúcio Maia and even a poem by Gonçalves Dias.

Two other regional albums are also a must in any list. Siba's Fuloresta do Samba and Cordel do Fogo Encantado's O Palhaço do Circo sem Futuro will place you in the middle of a celebration in the northeast of Brazil. Fuloresta is the first solo project by the Mestre Ambrósio rabeca player. It's full of cirandas and maracatus.

Like Eugênio's CD, Siba's and Cordel's releases are independent productions and very hard to be found. 

MPB and Pop

· Clara Sandroni & Marcos Sacramento: Saravá, Baden Powell! · Gal Costa: Bossa Tropical · Luciana Souza: Brazilian Duos · Lucinha Lins: Canção Brasileira · Maria Bethânia: Maricotinha ao Vivo · Milton Nascimento: Pietá · Morelenbaum2 & Sakamoto: Casa · Nana Caymmi: O Mar e o Tempo · Ney Matogrosso: Interpreta Cartola · Olivia Hime: Mar de Algodão · Rosa Passos: Azul · Rosa Passos: Me and My Heart · Simone: Feminina · Trio Mocotó: Samba Rock · Vânia Bastos: Canta Clube da Esquina · Zé Renato & Wagner Tiso: Memorial

Let's take a look at the vast MPB musical scene. This was again a mixed bag, but I won't spend too much time on the weak releases. Among the disappointments, the perennial names of Gal Costa and Simone take the honors of continuing the same old thing and releasing albums with not much added to them. Why they cannot come close to Maria Bethânia's Maricotinha ao Vivo is a mystery to me.

Though a live recording with lots of old material, Maricotinha ao Vivo was far better than Gal's Bossa Tropical and Simone's Feminina. Maricotinha ao Vivo moves you in the way that only Bethânia can do. Whether singing or reading poetry, Bethânia knows how to control the stage and the material she performs.

Luciana Souza's Brazilian Duos (a 2003 Grammy nominee ) features three great acoustic guitarists: Romero Lubambo, Marco Pereira and Walter Santos (her father). Luciana opens the album with a baião medley accompanied by Marco Pereira's stunning guitar in counterpoint with the excellent vocals.

The resurgence of Trio Mocotó with Samba Rock was another highlight last year. The sound is so lively and effervescent that one can hardly stand still listening to that release. It's great party music. However, if a more introspective sound is your cup of java, you are also in luck. Rosa Passos released two albums last year. The first release, Me and My Heart, was basically Rosa's vocals accompanied by acoustic guitar. Very intimate. The second release, Azul, was more dynamic. Passos's repertoire concentrated primarily on Djavan and João Bosco. The album was definitely more upbeat and showed how versatile Passos can be, something that her fans know quite well.

Several other artists decided to simply pick one composer to be featured in their albums. Vânia Bastos stretched that a little by picking songs from the Clube da Esquina gang (Milton Nascimento, Ronaldo Bastos, Toninho Horta, etc.). Nana Caymmi finally did her own tribute to her father, Dorival Caymmi. The CD, O Mar e o Tempo, was very good, especially when one considers the number of Caymmi tributes that have been previously released.

Nana chose a good repertoire and included tunes not very often recorded. That gave O Mar e o Tempo a fresh feeling, not to mention the nice arrangements by brother Dori Caymmi. An even more daring Caymmi tribute was released by Olivia Hime. Her Mar de Algodão was beautifully produced, arranged and performed. Besides the concept of presenting Caymmi's music as three seas—morning, afternoon and night—guest artists included Sérgio Santos and Quarteto Maogani. Arrangements were by Paulo Aragão, Wagner Tiso and Francis Hime.

Following up on his remarkable Batuque CD, Ney Matogrosso chose to sing only Cartola songs in Interpreta Cartola. A polished production, as anything Matogrosso does, the CD has some seldom heard Cartola songs. Another tribute album, Saravá, Baden Powell!, was released by Clara Sandroni and Marcos Sacramento. Though Clara Sandroni has a voice that might require some getting used to it, Marcos Sacramento was remarkable in his performances. Yet another tribute must be mentioned here. Lucinha Lins did Canção Brasileira, a very touching recording with the music of Sueli Costa.

In closing, this retrospective of 2002 I could not omit what's on the top of my list as best albums of last year: Zé Renato and Wagner Tiso's beautiful Memorial, Milton Nascimento's heartfelt Pietá and Jacques/Paula Morelenbaum & Ryuichi Sakamoto's Jobiniano Casa, recorded at Tom Jobim's home. Jobim's heart and soul are all over that release. Paula Morelenbaum's voice was in rare form. It can't get any better than that.

Memorial is lush with Wagner Tiso's beautiful orchestrations without being excessive. There is a good balance and moderation in how orchestra and voice blend. Zé Renato's voice is smooth as ever. The repertoire in Memorial focused on songs that marked former president Juscelino Kubitschek's life (Kubitschek was the president who created Brasília) as well as Brasília, Brazil's capital.

Pietá goes back to the old Milton Nascimento of the Clube da Esquina captivating days. Without much fanfare and advance media promotion, Milton released a fantastic album. Pietá is Milton's celebration to the women in his life. His affection for Brazil's greatest performers, such as Elis Regina and Ângela Maria, is present throughout the album. The CD also marks the recording debut of Elis Regina and Cesar Camargo Mariano's daughter, Maria Rita Mariano. Two other female guests, Marina Machado and Simone Guimarães, also join Milton in other tracks.

In his spare time, Egídio Leitão maintains two sites about Brazilian music: Brasilian Music Links - thebml.com - is a collection of links, and MusicaBrasileira - musicabrasileira.org - is dedicated to reviews and interviews. He can be contacted at egidio@musicabrasileira.org

www.nytimes.com By TONY SMITH

ÃO PAULO, Brazil, Jan. 31 — Declaring a war "not to kill, but to save lives," President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has outlined details of his first major policy initiative, an ambitious program to fight Brazil's enormous social inequalities by ensuring that even the neediest have enough to eat.

The showcase campaign, called Zero Hunger, was initially intended to cost nearly $1.5 billion over the four years of Mr. da Silva's term to give 46 million people help of various kinds, including $14 a month for an average family to spend on food.

But what the president — himself from a poor rural family — presented to the nation on Thursday was an incomplete package that critics say may prove ineffective and eventually run out of money. In addition, the campaign has failed to win consensus even within the governing Workers' Party.

Nevertheless, Mr. da Silva, who says his dream is to guarantee three meals a day for every Brazilian, has created a new ministry and a 62-member council to oversee the campaign and to coordinate the collection and distribution of food.

"Starting up a food collection campaign in a country the size of Brazil is like a veritable military operation," he said, adding, "Our war is not to kill, but to save lives."

Mr. da Silva acknowledged that simply handing out food would not be enough. "We need to give people fish and teach them to fish," he said.

Since Mr. da Silva's inauguration on Jan. 1, the Ministry of Agriculture has received 4,000 calls from Brazil's agricultural businesses wanting to take part. Gisele Bündchen, the Brazilian supermodel, donated part of her fee at São Paulo Fashion Week to the campaign.

The program is more than an ideological showcase. It is intended to help keep public opinion on Mr. da Silva's side when he tackles pension and tax reforms later this year.

So far, the plan has drawn fire mainly from government critics, but dissenters within Mr. da Silva's party have also voiced doubts.

"Brazil does not have 46 million people without enough to eat," said José Márcio Camargo, analyst for Tendências, a São Paulo consulting firm. "The country has 44 million people on or below the poverty line, which is totally different."

Several studies have shown that hunger affects from 5 percent to 9 percent of Brazil's 175 million people, or around 15 million at most, Mr. Camargo said. He also said families, churches and other charities already provided a network to help the needy.

That does not mean poor Brazilians need no assistance. But conflicting data have been released by various officials involved in the program, and there is confusion over which regions are to be helped.

The choice by José Graziano, the minister overseeing the campaign, to begin the program in Guaribas and Acauã in Piauí state was also problematic. The towns already receive substantially more money — which will continue — from six social programs set up by Mr. da Silva's predecessor, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, than they will from the new plan.

Only 10 of the program's 60 projects are ready and there are fears that the $510 million for the current year might be cut as the government tightens its belt to please international markets.

Mr. Graziano has even been criticized by a leading Workers' Party senator, Eduardo Suplicy, for insisting that beneficiaries produce receipts to prove that they have used the cash to buy food.

Mr. Camargo agreed. "The black market for fake receipts will soar," he said.

www.miami.com Posted on Sun, Feb. 02, 2003

BRASILIA - If one had to measure the degree of support for a possible U.S.-led attack on Iraq in this part of the world, it could be summed it up in one word: zero.

Opposition to the war goes far beyond old-guard leftists and young marchers at anti-globalization rallies. In fact, in interviews with Cabinet ministers, business executives and people on the street in recent visits to Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, I couldn't find one single person who showed sympathy for President Bush's threat to go to war with Iraq without United Nations support.

It's not that Latin Americans are disinterested, or that they see the war preparations as a far-off affair. Newspapers are full of war-related stories, and radio talk shows feature long debates on Bush's possible motivations for attacking Iraq.

On the contrary, they see it as a real economic threat to their own countries, and as a dangerous political precedent that could incite other nations to undertake unilateral attacks on other countries.

In Brazil, South America's biggest country, U.S. war plans have sparked a strong reaction from new leftist President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who said during a trip to Europe last week that Bush is ''obsessed'' with Iraq.

FIRST CRITICISM

It was da Silva's first open criticism of Bush after a successful visit to Washington prior to his Jan. 1 inauguration, which had been described by both countries as the beginning of an unexpected Bush-da Silva honeymoon. U.S. officials had earlier suggested to da Silva that, if he wanted to forge good relations with Washington, he was welcome to criticize U.S. policies, but should abstain from personal attacks on the U.S. president.

''The war on Iraq could bring the honeymoon to an early conclusion,'' said William Barr, a private consultant who until late 2002 served as a senior political officer at the U.S. Embassy. ``Both sides will have to be especially careful not to go back to the old days of mutual recriminations and distrust.''

In an interview at his office, Brazil's foreign minister, Celso Amorim, told me that, in addition to being a strong defender of multilateralism in international affairs, Brazil is worried about a possible war's economic impact on Latin America.

''We have great concerns,'' Amorim said. ``For a country like Brazil, whose position is slowly improving after all the [negative] speculation during the election campaign last year, the risk of rising oil prices -- and a world recession -- may affect us. So we must be concerned.''

ECONOMIC FEAR

Brazil's industry and foreign trade minister, Luiz Fernando Furlan, said in a separate interview that a war could also dry up foreign investment in Latin America. ''When there is war, when there is economic turbulence, there is a flight to quality: investors go to the safest ports,'' he said.

Newspapers here are full of speculation about U.S. motives for going to war with Iraq. In most cases, columnists and readers refer to an alleged Bush desire to grab Iraq's oil fields, get a firmer hold on the Middle East, or finish the job his father didn't complete in 1991.

Virtually no one takes seriously Bush's assertion that Iraq is violating United Nations disarmament resolutions because it is amassing weapons of mass destruction that it may hand over to terrorists, or use directly against the United States, Europe or Israel.

`REAL MOTIVES'

In a typical editorial, Brazil's daily Folha de Sao Paulo said Friday that ''unless the [U.S.] president demonstrates that Baghdad is an imminent threat, it seems more reasonable to believe that the real motives for the war are oil, and U.S. hegemony.'' Even the more pro-American daily O Estado de Sao Paulo said in an editorial the same day that Bush's war could ``open the doors to hell.''

In neighboring Argentina, even the influential daily La Nacion ran an editorial last week cautioning against Washington's ''confusing notion'' of its ''alleged right'' to launch preventive attacks ``and proceed, without hesitation, to summary executions whose motives nobody could dare explain.''

Former President Carlos Menem of Argentina was a lone exception to the rule, saying Friday in Miami that ''it is an error for us not to send troops to the Gulf.'' But Menem, who has been the focus of several corruption inquiries, is trying to win Argentina's upcoming presidential elections on the claim that he is a friend of the Bush family, and would thus receive extra U.S. help for his country.

The bottom line: The Bush administration has done a terrible job in explaining its motives to the rest of the world, and -- as far as I'm concerned -- to the American people.

Unless Secretary of State Colin Powell comes up with hard evidence of Iraq's transgressions when the U.N. Security Council meets to hear his speech on Wednesday, there will be an even greater anti-American backlash in this part of the world, no matter how hard U.S. officials try to play it down.